Hierarchical Inheritance in C++

Hierarchical Inheritance in C++

 

 Hierarchical Inheritance : Inheriting is a method of inheritance where one or more derived
classes is derived from common base class.

In Hierarchical inheritance, more than one sub-class inherits the property of a single base class. There is one base class and multiple derived classes. Several other classes inherit the derived classes as well. Hierarchical structures thus form a tree-like structure.

 

SYNTAX :

Class A  
{  
   ............  
};  
Class B: access_specifier A  
{  
   .........  
};  
Class C: access_specifier A 
{  
  ............. 
};

 

CODE :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// base class
class Animal {
public:
    void info() {
        cout << "I am an animal." << endl;
    }
};

// derived class 1
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void bark() {
        cout << "I am a Dog. Woof woof." << endl;
    }
};

// derived class 2
class Cat : public Animal {
public:
    void meow() {
        cout << "I am a Cat. Meow." << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    // create object of Dog class
    Dog dog1;
    cout << "Dog Class:" << endl;
    dog1.info();  // parent Class function
    dog1.bark();

    // create object of Cat class
    Cat cat1;
    cout << "\nCat Class:" << endl;
    cat1.info();  // parent Class function
    cat1.meow();

    return 0;
} 

Output

Dog Class:
I am an animal.
I am a Dog. Woof woof.

Cat Class:
I am an animal.
I am a Cat. Meow.