Define the term page replacement and also explain FIFO page replacement algorithm, first in first out page replacement algorithm, page replacement fifo algorithm, fifo page replacement algorithm
Define the term page replacement and also explain FIFO page replacement algorithm
In an operating system that uses paging for memory management, a page replacement algorithm is needed to decide which page needs to be replaced when a new page comes in.
Page Fault: A page fault happens when a running program accesses a memory page that is mapped into the virtual address space but not loaded in physical memory. Since actual physical memory is much smaller than virtual memory, page faults happen. In case of a page fault, Operating System might have to replace one of the existing pages with the newly needed page.
Different page replacement algorithms suggest different ways to decide which page to replace. The target for all algorithms is to reduce the number of page faults.
Page Replacement Algorithms:
$ 1. First In First Out (FIFO) :
2. Optimal Page replacement:
In this algorithm, pages are replaced which would not be used for the longest duration of time in the future. Example : Consider the page references 7, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 0, 3, 2, 3 with 4 page frame.
Find number of page fault. Initially, all slots are empty, so when 7 0 1 2 are allocated to the empty slots —> 4 Page faults
0 is already there so —> 0 Page fault. when 3 came it will take the place of 7 because it is not used for the longest duration of time in the future.—>1 Page fault.
0 is already there so —> 0 Page fault. 4 will takes place of 1 —> 1 Page Fault.
Now for the further page reference string —> 0 Page fault because they are already available in the memory.
Optimal page replacement is perfect, but not possible in practice as the operating system cannot know future requests. The use of Optimal Page replacement is to set up a benchmark so that other replacement algorithms can be analysed against it.
3. Least Recently Used:
In this algorithm, page will be replaced which is least recently used.
Example : Consider the page reference string 7, 0, 1,
2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 0, 3, 2, 3 with 4 page frames.
Find number of page faults.
Initially, all slots are empty, so when 7 0 1 2 are
allocated to the empty slots —> 4 Page faults
0 is already their so —> 0 Page fault. when 3 came it will take the place of 7 because it is least recently used —>1 Page fault
0 is already in memory so —> 0 Page fault.
4 will takes place of 1 —> 1 Page Fault
Now for the further page reference string —> 0 Page fault because they are already available in the memory.
4. Most Recently Used (MRU) :
In this algorithm, page will be replaced which has been used recently. Belady’s anomaly can occur in this algorithm.
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