Concepts of OOPs in C++

Concepts of OOPs in C++

 

There are some basic concepts of OOPs :

1. Class
2. Object
3. Encapsulation
4. Abstraction
5. Polymorphism
6. Inheritance
7. Dynamic Binding
8. Message Passing

 

 

CLASS

The building block of OPPs is a Class .  A Class is a user defined data type ,  which hold its own data members and member functions , which can be accessed and used by by creating an instance of that class.

Class is also defined as tha collection of objects . Class is a passive object .

Class is also known as blueprint of object . Class is never exist in real world .

 

 

 

OBJECT

Any real world entity that has a state and behaviour is known as Object . An object is an instance of the class . Object is an active entity .

When a class is defined , no memory is allocated  but when object is created , memory is allocated . Object take up space in memory and have an associated address .

 

 

ENCAPSULATION

Encapsulation is defined as wrapping up data and information into single unit .

In OPPs , Encapsulation is defined as binding together the data and the function that manipulate them. Encapsulation protects the internal state of an object  by keeping its data member private .

 

 

ABSTRACTION

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details . The non essential features are not displayed to the user .

Encapsulation may also defined as the process of identifying only the required characteristics of an objects ignoring the irrelevant details .

 

 

POLYMORPHISM

The word ‘Polymorphism ‘ means having many forms .

We can define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form . It is is one of the OOPs feature that allows us to perform a single action in different ways.

It exhibit different behaviour in different environment .

 

 

INHERITANCE

The capability of a class to derive properties and characteristics from another class is called inheritance .

In other word , Inheritance is the procedure in which one class inherit the properties and method of another class. Whose the properties and methods are inherited is known as ‘ Parent Class ‘ or ‘Base Class ‘ and the class that inherit the properties from the Parent Class is known as ‘Child Class’ .

 

 

DYNAMIC BINDING

Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to the executed in response to call .

Dynamic binding means the code associated with a given procedure call is not known until the time of the call at run time .

Object is not known until the time of runtime .

 

 

MESSAGE PASSING

An object oriented programming consist of a set of object that communicate with each other . Object communicate with one another by sending and receiving information to each other .

Object communicate with another object which exist in real world (run time object).

Message passing involves specifying the name of the object , the name of the function and the information to be sent .