The procedure involved in preserving the appropriate order of execution of cooperative processes is known as Process Synchronisation. There are various synchronisation mechanisms that are used to synchronise the processes.

On the basis of synchronisation, processes are categorised as one of the following two types:

Independent Process :

The execution of one process does not affect the execution of other processes.

Cooperative Process :

A process that can affect or be affected by other processes executing in the system.

$$ Race Condition :

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$$$ Critical Section Problem :

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Primary

Mutual Exclusion :

Our solution must provide mutual exclusion. By Mutual Exclusion, we mean that if one process is executing inside the critical section then the other process must not enter in the critical section.

Progress :

Progress means that if one process doesn’t need to execute into the critical section then it should not stop other processes from getting into the critical section.

Secondary

Bounded Waiting :

We should be able to predict the waiting time for every process to get into the critical section. The process must not be endlessly waiting for getting into the critical section.

Architectural Neutrality :

Our mechanism must be architectural natural. It means that if our solution is working fine on one architecture then it should also run on the other ones as well.