Operating System types and function , operating system types , operating system functions || B Tech , BCA , BSc || #ddu #Computer

Operating System types and function , operating system types , operating system functions || B Tech , BCA , BSc || #ddu #Computer

Operating System

An operating system is an essential component of a computer system, which manages the resources of the system. It is a set of large and complex programs that act as an interface between computer hardware and its users. It not only serves the purpose of interpreting the user program instructions to the hardware, but also provides coordination services necessary to enable a group of users to share computer system resources efficiently.

The operating system complements the hardware by providing a layer of services which manage the resources of the hardware and allow the users to drive the system. It keeps track of the status of each resource such as, memory, processor, and I/O devices and decides which job will have control over computer resources for how long and when.

Functions of Operating System

The functions of an operating system can be outlined as follows:

• Process Management
  • Schedules the user processes.
  • Controls the execution of user processes.
  • Maintains status of the individual process.
  • Coordinates with other components of the OS
• Device Management/ Input/ Output Management
  • Controls functioning of I/O devices.
  • Controls allocation, access and deallocation of devices.
• Memory Management
  • Decides which process must reside in main memory.
  • Monitors the amount of primary memory available.
  • Allocates memory to each process.
  • Ensures that memory space of one process is protected from the other processes.
  • Frees the memory when process execution is complete.
• Information/File Management
  • Controls the reading and writing of information on the physical media.
  • Usually implemented through an elaborate file system.
• Job Control / Security
  • When the user wants to run an application program, he must communicate with the OS, telling it what to do.
  • He does this using OS’s job control language or JCL. JCL consist of a number of OS commands, called system commands that control the functioning of the operating system.
• House Keeping / Command  Interpretation
  • Includes all the support services necessary to ensure smooth operation of the computer system, namely, security, protection, and resource accounting backup and restoration.

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